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Bacteriology

Bacillus anthracis Virulent Plasmid pX02 Genes Found in Large Plasmids of Two Other Bacillus Species

Vicki A. Luna, Debra S. King, K. Kealy Peak, Frank Reeves, Lea Heberlein-Larson, William Veguilla, L. Heller, Kathleen E. Duncan, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani
Vicki A. Luna
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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  • For correspondence: vluna@bt.usf.edu
Debra S. King
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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K. Kealy Peak
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Frank Reeves
2Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa, Florida
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Lea Heberlein-Larson
2Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa, Florida
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William Veguilla
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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L. Heller
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Kathleen E. Duncan
3Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Andrew C. Cannons
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Philip Amuso
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
2Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa, Florida
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Jacqueline Cattani
1Center for Biological Defense, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00154-06
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ABSTRACT

In order to cause the disease anthrax, Bacillus anthracis requires two plasmids, pX01 and pX02, which carry toxin and capsule genes, respectively, that are used as genetic targets in the laboratory detection of the bacterium. Clinical, forensic, and environmental samples that test positive by PCR protocols established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for B. anthracis are considered to be potentially B. anthracis until confirmed by culture and a secondary battery of tests. We report the presence of 10 genes (acpA, capA, capB, capC, capR, capD, IS1627, ORF 48, ORF 61, and repA) and the sequence for the capsule promoter normally found on pX02 in Bacillus circulans and a Bacillus species closely related to Bacillus luciferensis. Tests revealed these sequences to be present on a large plasmid in each isolate. The 11 sequences consistently matched to B. anthracis plasmid pX02, GenBank accession numbers AF188935.1, AE011191.1, and AE017335.3. The percent nucleotide identities for capD and the capsule promoter were 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively, and for the remaining nine genes, the nucleotide identity was 100% for both isolates. The presence of these genes, which are usually associated with the pX02 plasmid, in two soil Bacillus species unrelated to B. anthracis alerts us to the necessity of identifying additional sequences that will signal the presence of B. anthracis in clinical, forensic, and environmental samples.

  • Copyright © 2006 American Society for Microbiology
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Bacillus anthracis Virulent Plasmid pX02 Genes Found in Large Plasmids of Two Other Bacillus Species
Vicki A. Luna, Debra S. King, K. Kealy Peak, Frank Reeves, Lea Heberlein-Larson, William Veguilla, L. Heller, Kathleen E. Duncan, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2006, 44 (7) 2367-2377; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00154-06

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Bacillus anthracis Virulent Plasmid pX02 Genes Found in Large Plasmids of Two Other Bacillus Species
Vicki A. Luna, Debra S. King, K. Kealy Peak, Frank Reeves, Lea Heberlein-Larson, William Veguilla, L. Heller, Kathleen E. Duncan, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2006, 44 (7) 2367-2377; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00154-06
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KEYWORDS

Bacillus
Bacillus anthracis
Genes, Bacterial
plasmids
virulence factors

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