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Bacteriology

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of Linezolid Resistance Mediated by the cfr Gene Encoding a 23S rRNA Methyltransferase

Cesar A. Arias, Martha Vallejo, Jinnethe Reyes, Diana Panesso, Jaime Moreno, Elizabeth Castañeda, Maria V. Villegas, Barbara E. Murray, John P. Quinn
Cesar A. Arias
1Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
2Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
7Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens
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  • For correspondence: caa22@cantab.net
Martha Vallejo
3Hospital General
4Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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Jinnethe Reyes
1Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Diana Panesso
1Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jaime Moreno
5Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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Elizabeth Castañeda
5Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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Maria V. Villegas
6Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia
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Barbara E. Murray
2Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
7Center for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens
8 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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John P. Quinn
9Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
10 Chicago Infectious Disease Institute, Chicago, Illinois
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01886-07
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    FIG. 1.

    PFGE of MRSA isolates recovered after identification of the LR-MRSA isolate (isolate CM-05; arrow). The isolate nomenclature is the same as that in Table 1. Additional isolates include isolate P, MRSA CHL93, representative of the Chilean clone; isolate S, MRSA HDE3, representative of the pediatric clone; and isolate T, S. aureus NCTC 8325, used as a control.

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    FIG. 2.

    Etest of LR-MRSA CM-05. The first halo of inhibition was evident at 24 h (interpreted as an MIC of 2 μg/ml; black arrow). After an additional 24 h of incubation, a second halo of growth was identified (MIC, 16 μg/ml; arrowhead).

Tables

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  • TABLE 1.

    Susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

    IsolateSourceMIC (μg/ml)/interpretationa
    OXAVANTEILNZCIPERYCLIGENRIFCHLTETSXT
    ASurgical wound8/R0.5/S0.5/S2/S0.5/S0.5/S0.12/S>64/R0.015/S8/S32/R0.5/9.5/S
    BSoft tissue0.5/S0.5/S1/S2/S0.5/S0.25/S0.06/S0.5/S0.015/S16/I0.25/S0.5/9.5/S
    CSurgical wound>64/R1/S0.5/S2/S16/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    DBlood>64/R1/S0.5/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    EBone>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    FSkin abscess>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    GIntraocular fluid>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S16/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    HBlood>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S16/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    IBlood>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S32/R32/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    JSoft tissue>64/R1/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S8/S32/R0.5/9.5/S
    KSurgical wound>64/R2/S0.5/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I64/R0.5/9.5/S
    LbTracheal aspirate>64/R1/S0.5/S 16/R >32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.0075/S>64/R0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    MUrine>64/R2/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R1/S0.015/S16/I0.25/S0.5/9.5/S
    NBlood>64/R1/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R>32/R>64/R4/R16/I64/R0.5/9.5/S
    OSoft tissue>64/R0.5/S1/S2/S16/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I>64/R0.5/9.5/S
    QBone>64/R1/S1/S2/S32/R>64/R32/R>64/R0.015/S16/I0.12/S1/19/S
    RPeritoneal fluid>64/R0.5/S0.5/S2/S16/R>64/R>32/R>64/R0.12/S8/S0.12/S0.5/9.5/S
    • ↵ a Abbreviations: OXA, oxacillin; VAN, vancomycin; TEI, teicoplanin; LNZ, linezolid; CIP, ciprofloxacin; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; GEN, gentamicin; RIF, rifampin; CHL, chloramphenicol; TET, tetracycline; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; R, resistant; S, susceptible; I, intermediate.

    • ↵ b Isolate L is LR-MRSA isolate CM-05, and the MIC of linezolid is underlined.

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Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of Linezolid Resistance Mediated by the cfr Gene Encoding a 23S rRNA Methyltransferase
Cesar A. Arias, Martha Vallejo, Jinnethe Reyes, Diana Panesso, Jaime Moreno, Elizabeth Castañeda, Maria V. Villegas, Barbara E. Murray, John P. Quinn
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2008, 46 (3) 892-896; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01886-07

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Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of Linezolid Resistance Mediated by the cfr Gene Encoding a 23S rRNA Methyltransferase
Cesar A. Arias, Martha Vallejo, Jinnethe Reyes, Diana Panesso, Jaime Moreno, Elizabeth Castañeda, Maria V. Villegas, Barbara E. Murray, John P. Quinn
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2008, 46 (3) 892-896; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01886-07
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KEYWORDS

Acetamides
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Methyltransferases
oxazolidinones
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
Staphylococcal Infections
Staphylococcus aureus

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