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Epidemiology

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Nasal Cultures Collected from Individuals in the United States in 2001 to 2004

Fred C. Tenover, Sigrid McAllister, Gregory Fosheim, Linda K. McDougal, Roberta B. Carey, Brandi Limbago, David Lonsway, Jean B. Patel, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Rachel Gorwitz
Fred C. Tenover
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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  • For correspondence: fnt1@cdc.gov
Sigrid McAllister
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Gregory Fosheim
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Linda K. McDougal
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Roberta B. Carey
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Brandi Limbago
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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David Lonsway
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Jean B. Patel
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Matthew J. Kuehnert
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Rachel Gorwitz
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00480-08
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Tables

  • TABLE 1.

    Most common pulsed-field types among MSSA and MRSA isolates from nasal colonization studies

    Methicillin statusS. aureus pulsed-field type; no. (%) of isolates in:
    2001 to 20022003 to 2004
    MethicillinUSA200; 92 (29.1)USA200; 59 (24.9)
        susceptibleaUSA600; 40 (12.7)USA600; 33 (13.9)
    USA900; 29 (9.2)USA900; 10 (4.2)
    USA800; 21 (6.6)Group A; 10 (4.2)
    Group A; 18 (5.7)USA500; 9 (3.8)
    USA300; 14 (4.4)Group D; 9 (3.8)
    Other types; 102 (32.3)Other types; 107 (45.1)
    MethicillinUSA100; 36 (48.0)USA100; 60 (44.8)
        resistantbUSA800; 17 (22.7)USA800; 23 (17.2)
    USA700; 7 (9.3)USA300; 23 (17.2)
    USA300; 6 (8.0)USA400; 8 (6.0)
    USA1000; 2 (2.7)USA200; 6 (4.5)
    USA400; 1 (1.3)USA700; 3 (2.2)
    Other types; 6 (8)Other types; 11 (8.1)
    • ↵a Every tenth MSSA isolate was characterized. For 2001 to 2002, n = 316; for 2003 to 2004, n = 237.

    • ↵b All MRSA isolates were characterized. For 2001 to 2002, n = 75; for 2003 to 2004, n = 134.

  • TABLE 2.

    Key MSSA resistance and toxin profiles by PFGE type

    Type2001 to 2002a2003 to 2004b
    No. of isolates (n = 316)% Resistant to:%PVL+/%TSST+No. of isolates (n = 237)% Resistant to:%PVL+/%TSST+
    ErythromycinLevofloxacinErythromycinLevofloxacin
    USA2009228.31.10/87.05933.900/84.7
    USA3001428.607.1/7.1633.300/0
    USA400540.000/07000/0
    USA500333.300/0933.322.20/0
    USA600402.500/2.5336.100/6.1
    USA700714.300/0450.000/0
    USA800219.500/14.32540.08.00/0
    USA9002924.100/01020.000/0
    USA10007000/0728.600/0
    USA1100100100/0100100/0
    USA1200616.700/0911.100/0
    Group A1872.200/01060.000/0
    Group B10000/0714.300/0
    Group C616.700/02000/0
    Group D119.100/0911.100/0
    Group E4000/09000/0
    • ↵a These values do not include 42 isolates, each with a unique PFGE pattern.

    • ↵b These values do not include 30 isolates, each with a unique PFGE pattern.

  • TABLE 3.

    Key MRSA resistance and toxin profiles by PFGE type

    Type2001 to 2002a2003 to 2004b
    No. of isolates (n = 75)No. of PFGE patterns% Resistant to:%PVL+/%TSST+No. of isolates (n = 134)No. of PFGE patterns% Resistant to:%PVL+/%TSST+
    ErythromycinLevofloxacinErythromycinLevofloxacin
    USA100362194.491.70/0601510091.70/0
    USA200111001000/1006566.7500/66.7
    USA3006383.333.383.3/023591.334.887.0/0
    USA400111000100/08350.025.062.5/0
    USA5001101000/00
    USA60011000/0331001000/0
    USA7007385.700/03233.300/0
    USA80017629.45.90/17.623652.24.30/30.4
    USA10002150500/01110000/0
    USA110001110000/0
    Iberian111001000/00
    • ↵a These values do not include two isolates, each with a unique PFGE pattern.

    • ↵b These values do not include six isolates, each with a unique PFGE pattern.

  • TABLE 4.

    Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for MSSA and MRSA isolates

    Antimicrobial agentNo. of susceptible isolates (%) among:
    MSSA in:MRSA in:
    2001 to 2002 (n = 316)2003 to 2004 (n = 237)2001 to 2002 (n = 75)2003 to 2004 (n = 134)
    Chloramphenicol273 (86.4)197 (83.1)49 (65.3)69 (51.9)
    Clindamycina316 (100)232 (97.9)51 (68.0)88 (66.4)
    Clindamycinb263 (83.2)184 (77.6)34 (45.0)50 (37.6)
    Erythromycin250 (79.1)180 (76.0)19 (25.3)24 (18.1)
    Gentamicin315 (99.7)236 (99.6)75 (100)12 (99.3)
    Levofloxacin315 (99.7)233 (98.3)34 (45.3)60 (45.1)
    Linezolid316 (100)237 (100)75 (100)133 (100)
    Penicillin39 (12.3)27 (11.4)0 (0)0 (0)
    Oxacillin316 (100)237 (100)0 (0)0 (0)
    Quinupristin-Dalfopristin301 (100)237 (100)75 (100)133 (100)
    Rifampin316 (100)237 (100)74 (98.7)131 (98.5)
    Tetracycline306 (96.8)230 (97.0)69 (92.0)122 (91.7)
    Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole316 (100)235 (99.2)75 (100)133 (100)
    Vancomycin316 (100)237 (100)75 (100)133 (100)
    • ↵a Decrease in susceptibility due to constitutive resistance only.

    • ↵b Decrease in susceptibility due to inducible and constitutive resistance.

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Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Nasal Cultures Collected from Individuals in the United States in 2001 to 2004
Fred C. Tenover, Sigrid McAllister, Gregory Fosheim, Linda K. McDougal, Roberta B. Carey, Brandi Limbago, David Lonsway, Jean B. Patel, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Rachel Gorwitz
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2008, 46 (9) 2837-2841; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00480-08

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Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Nasal Cultures Collected from Individuals in the United States in 2001 to 2004
Fred C. Tenover, Sigrid McAllister, Gregory Fosheim, Linda K. McDougal, Roberta B. Carey, Brandi Limbago, David Lonsway, Jean B. Patel, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Rachel Gorwitz
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2008, 46 (9) 2837-2841; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00480-08
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