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Clinical Veterinary Microbiology

Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands

Eva Sierra, Susan Sánchez, Jeremiah T. Saliki, Uriel Blas-Machado, Manuel Arbelo, Daniele Zucca, Antonio Fernández
E. Munson, Editor
Eva Sierra
aDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Susan Sánchez
bAthens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
cDepartment of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Jeremiah T. Saliki
bAthens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
cDepartment of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Uriel Blas-Machado
bAthens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Manuel Arbelo
aDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Daniele Zucca
aDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Antonio Fernández
aDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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E. Munson
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02906-13
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ABSTRACT

Nineteen natural cases of etiologically undetermined encephalitides in free-ranging cetaceans were studied retrospectively. Histological examination of the brains revealed variable degrees of nonsuppurative encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, characterized predominantly by perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. A PCR assay was used on brain and other available tissues to detect the presence of morbillivirus, herpesvirus, West Nile virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Brucella spp. In addition, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on selected tissues to determine the presence of morbilliviral antigens. Six animals (5 striped dolphins and 1 common dolphin) showed IHC and/or molecular evidence of morbilliviral antigens and/or genomes, mainly in brain tissue. Conventional nested PCR detected herpesviral DNA in brain tissue samples from two striped dolphins. There was no evidence of West Nile virus, T. gondii, or Brucella spp. in any of the brain tissue samples examined. The information presented here increases the number of confirmed morbillivirus-positive cases within the Canarian archipelago from two previously reported cases to eight. Furthermore, a new nested-PCR method for the detection of morbillivirus is described here. Regarding herpesvirus, the phylogenetic analysis performed in the current study provides valuable information about a possible pathogenic branch of cetacean alphaherpesviruses that might be responsible for some fatal cases worldwide.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 21 October 2013.
    • Returned for modification 16 November 2013.
    • Accepted 16 April 2014.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 23 April 2014.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02906-13.

  • Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands
Eva Sierra, Susan Sánchez, Jeremiah T. Saliki, Uriel Blas-Machado, Manuel Arbelo, Daniele Zucca, Antonio Fernández
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2014, 52 (7) 2390-2397; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02906-13

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Retrospective Study of Etiologic Agents Associated with Nonsuppurative Meningoencephalitis in Stranded Cetaceans in the Canary Islands
Eva Sierra, Susan Sánchez, Jeremiah T. Saliki, Uriel Blas-Machado, Manuel Arbelo, Daniele Zucca, Antonio Fernández
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2014, 52 (7) 2390-2397; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02906-13
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