Diagnostic Accuracy of Four Commercial Triplex Immunochromatographic Tests for Rapid Detection of Rotavirus, Adenovirus, and Norovirus in Human Stool Samples

ABSTRACT

Noroviruses (NoV), rotaviruses (RVA), and adenoviruses (AdV) are the main viral agents responsible for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in humans. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of four commercial immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) intended for the rapid and simultaneous detection of these three pathogens. Diagnostic accuracy of bioNexia Noro/Rota-Adeno (bioMérieux), Immunoquick NoRotAdeno (Biosynex), Rota+Adeno+Noro combo card (CerTest Biotec), and Rida Quick Rota/Adeno/Noro Combi (R-Biopharm) ICTs was assessed retrospectively using a collection of 160 stool specimens (including 43 RVA-, 47 AdV-, and 42 NoV-positive samples) from French patients with AGE and using molecular methods as the reference standard. For RVA, the four ICTs demonstrated similar high sensitivity (93%) and excellent specificity (97.4 to 100%). For AdV, the four ICTs demonstrated similar poor sensitivity (54.3 to 58.7%) but excellent specificity (95.5 to 100%). They performed the best in AdV-F species (sensitivity, 80.8 to 84.6%) and worst in AdV non-F species (sensitivity, 22.2 to 27.8%). For NoV, the Rida Quick Rota/Adeno/Noro combi ICT exhibited high sensitivity (87.5%), but the sensitivity of the three others was poor (42.5 to 47.5%). The four ICTs exhibited high specificity (96.6 to 99.1%). Diagnostic accuracy was genogroup dependent. When we tested genogroup I NoV, the Rida Quick Rota/Adeno/Noro Combi ICT presented high sensitivity (90%), while the three other ICTs presented poor sensitivity (10 to 30%); when we tested genogroup II NoV, sensitivity was similar for the four ICTs (65 to 85%). In conclusion, the four ICTs are suitable first-line tests for the rapid diagnosis of RVA infections. The four ICTs are not suitable for the routine diagnosis of AdV infections but could provide a rapid response in case of positivity, notably in the context of AGE. Only the Rida Quick Rota/Adeno/Noro Combi ICT is suitable for the rapid detection of NoV, while the sensitivity for the detection of genogroup I NoV needs to be improved for the 3 other ICTs before being implemented in the routine diagnosis of NoV.