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antibody

  • Open Access
    Anti-Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Antibody Assays in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
    Virology
    Anti-Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Antibody Assays in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

    The anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibody assay in common use has changed from the particle agglutination (PA) method to chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). These assays were validated in serum but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, anti-HTLV-1 antibody positivity in CSF is a requisite for diagnosing HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (...

    Daisuke Kodama, Masakazu Tanaka, Toshio Matsuzaki, Satoshi Nozuma, Eiji Matsuura, Hiroshi Takashima, Shuji Izumo, Ryuji Kubota
  • Open Access
    Antibody Responses to Two Recombinant Treponemal Antigens (rp17 and TmpA) before and after Azithromycin Treatment for Yaws in Ghana and Papua New Guinea
    Epidemiology
    Antibody Responses to Two Recombinant Treponemal Antigens (rp17 and TmpA) before and after Azithromycin Treatment for Yaws in Ghana and Papua New Guinea

    WHO and its partners aim to interrupt yaws transmission in countries of endemicity and to certify others as being yaws-free. Transmission can be assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests, reflecting current or recent infection, but RPR is operationally impractical.

    Nishanth Parameswaran, Oriol Mitjà, Christian Bottomley, Cynthia Kwakye, Wendy Houinei, Allan Pillay, Damien Danavall, Kai-Hua Chi, Ronald C. Ballard, Anthony W. Solomon, Cheng Y. Chen, Sibauk V. Bieb, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, David C. W. Mabey, Kingsley Asiedu, Michael Marks, Diana L. Martin
  • Free
    Quantitative Measurement of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Analytical and Clinical Evaluation
    Immunoassays
    Quantitative Measurement of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Analytical and Clinical Evaluation

    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While molecular-based testing is used to diagnose COVID-19, serologic testing of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 is used to detect past infection.

    Victoria Higgins, Anselmo Fabros, Vathany Kulasingam
  • Free
    Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test for Detection of Antibody in Human, Canine, Cat, and Hamster Sera
    Immunoassays
    Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test for Detection of Antibody in Human, Canine, Cat, and Hamster Sera

    Surrogate neutralization assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can be done without biosafety level 3 containment and in multiple species are desirable. We evaluate a recently developed surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) in comparison to 90% plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) in human, canine, cat, and hamster sera. With PRNT90 as the reference, sVNT had...

    Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Ronald Ko, Owen T. Y. Tsang, David S. C. Hui, Mike Y. M. Kwan, Christopher J. Brackman, Esther M. W. To, Hui-ling Yen, Kathy Leung, Samuel M. S. Cheng, Kin Ho Chan, Karl C. K. Chan, Ka-Chi Li, Linda Saif, Vanessa R. Barrs, Joseph T. Wu, Thomas H. C. Sit, Leo L. M. Poon, Malik Peiris
  • Free
    Highly Sensitive and Specific Multiplex Antibody Assays To Quantify Immunoglobulins M, A, and G against SARS-CoV-2 Antigens
    Immunoassays
    Highly Sensitive and Specific Multiplex Antibody Assays To Quantify Immunoglobulins M, A, and G against SARS-CoV-2 Antigens

    Reliable serological tests are required to determine the prevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to characterize immunity to the disease in order to address key knowledge gaps in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Quantitative suspension array technology (qSAT) assays based on the xMAP Luminex platform overcome the limitations of rapid diagnostic tests and enzyme-...

    Carlota Dobaño, Marta Vidal, Rebeca Santano, Alfons Jiménez, Jordi Chi, Diana Barrios, Gemma Ruiz-Olalla, Natalia Rodrigo Melero, Carlo Carolis, Daniel Parras, Pau Serra, Paula Martínez de Aguirre, Francisco Carmona-Torre, Gabriel Reina, Pere Santamaria, Alfredo Mayor, Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Luis Izquierdo, Ruth Aguilar, Gemma Moncunill
  • Free
    Application, Verification, and Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays with Emergency Use Authorization
    Commentary
    Application, Verification, and Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays with Emergency Use Authorization

    Interest continues to grow regarding the role of serologic assays for the detection of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) status to many SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays. In this document, expert recommendations from clinical microbiologist members of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) concerning...

    Elitza S. Theel, Marc Roger Couturier, Laura Filkins, Elizabeth Palavecino, Stephanie Mitchell, Sheldon Campbell, Michael Pentella, Susan Butler-Wu, Kurt Jerke, Vaishali Dharmarha, Peggy McNult, Audrey N. Schuetz
    and on behalf of the American Society for Microbiology Clinical and Public Health Microbiology Committee, Subcommittee on Laboratory Practices
  • Free
    Evaluation of Three Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays and Their Performance in Two-Test Algorithms
    Virology
    Evaluation of Three Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays and Their Performance in Two-Test Algorithms

    Sensitive and specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic assays are needed to inform diagnostic, therapeutic, and public health decision-making. We evaluated three commercial serologic assays as stand-alone tests and as components of two-test algorithms. Two nucleocapsid antibody tests (Abbott IgG and Roche total antibody) and one spike protein antibody test (DiaSorin IgG) were included. We assessed...

    Sarah E. Turbett, Melis Anahtar, Anand S. Dighe, Wilfredo Garcia Beltran, Tyler Miller, Hannah Scott, Sienna Marie Durbin, Maheetha Bharadwaj, Jason Thomas, Tasos S. Gogakos, Michael Astudillo, Jochen Lennerz, Eric S. Rosenberg, John A. Branda
  • Open Access
    Serological Assays Estimate Highly Variable SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Activity in Recovered COVID-19 Patients
    Immunoassays
    Serological Assays Estimate Highly Variable SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Activity in Recovered COVID-19 Patients

    The development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following infection or vaccination is likely to be critical for the development of sufficient population immunity to drive cessation of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A large number of serologic tests, platforms, and methodologies are being employed to determine seroprevalence in populations to...

    Larry L. Luchsinger, Brett P. Ransegnola, Daniel K. Jin, Frauke Muecksch, Yiska Weisblum, Weili Bao, Parakkal Jovvian George, Marilis Rodriguez, Nancy Tricoche, Fabian Schmidt, Chengjie Gao, Shabnam Jawahar, Mouli Pal, Emily Schnall, Huan Zhang, Donna Strauss, Karina Yazdanbakhsh, Christopher D. Hillyer, Paul D. Bieniasz, Theodora Hatziioannou
  • Open Access
    The Role of Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Is There One?
    Special Issue Commentary
    The Role of Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Is There One?

    The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought with it rapid development of both molecular and serologic assays for identification of COVID-19 infections. While Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emergency use authorization (EUA) is required for clinical application of SARS-CoV-2 molecular tests, submission for EUA is currently a voluntary process for manufacturers of serologic assays. The absence...

    Elitza S. Theel, Patricia Slev, Sarah Wheeler, Marc Roger Couturier, Susan J. Wong, Kamran Kadkhoda
  • Free
    Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
    Immunoassays
    Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

    At present, PCR-based nucleic acid detection cannot meet the demands for coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) diagnosis. Two hundred fourteen confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army between 18 January and 26 February 2020 were recruited. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits based on recombinant severe acute respiratory...

    Wanbing Liu, Lei Liu, Guomei Kou, Yaqiong Zheng, Yinjuan Ding, Wenxu Ni, Qiongshu Wang, Li Tan, Wanlei Wu, Shi Tang, Zhou Xiong, Shangen Zheng

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