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Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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HIV

  • Open Access
    Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biosynex CryptoPS Cryptococcal Antigen Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assay in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease
    Mycology
    Diagnostic Accuracy of the Biosynex CryptoPS Cryptococcal Antigen Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assay in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease

    High cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers in blood are associated with subclinical meningitis and mortality in CrAg-positive individuals with advanced HIV disease (AHD). We evaluated a novel semiquantitative lateral flow assay (LFA), CryptoPS, that may be able to identify individuals with high CrAg titers in a cohort of AHD patients undergoing CrAg screening. In a prospective cohort of patients with AHD (CD4 cell count, ≤200/μl) receiving...

    Mark W. Tenforde, Timothée Boyer-Chammard, Charles Muthoga, Leabaneng Tawe, Thandi Milton, Ikanyeng Rulaganyang, Kwana Lechiile, Ivy Rukasha, Tshepo B. Leeme, Nelesh P. Govender, Julia Ngidi, Madisa Mine, Síle F. Molloy, Thomas S. Harrison, Olivier Lortholary, Joseph N. Jarvis
  • Evaluation of the Amplex eazyplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pneumocystis jirovecii</span> Pneumonia
    Mycology
    Evaluation of the Amplex eazyplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

    Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays are the gold standard for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). However, they are laborious and require skilled personnel. Therefore, execution outside regular working hours of the molecular biology laboratory is limited. The eazyplex P. jirovecii assay...

    Timo Huber, Annerose Serr, Walter Geißdörfer, Christina Hess, Christian Lynker-Aßmus, Friederike D. von Loewenich, Christian Bogdan, Jürgen Held
  • Open Access
    A Comprehensive Genomics Solution for HIV Surveillance and Clinical Monitoring in Low-Income Settings
    Virology
    A Comprehensive Genomics Solution for HIV Surveillance and Clinical Monitoring in Low-Income Settings

    Viral genetic sequencing can be used to monitor the spread of HIV drug resistance, identify appropriate antiretroviral regimes, and characterize transmission dynamics. Despite decreasing costs, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is still prohibitively costly for routine use in generalized HIV epidemics in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we present veSEQ-HIV, a high-throughput, cost-effective NGS sequencing method and computational...

    David Bonsall, Tanya Golubchik, Mariateresa de Cesare, Mohammed Limbada, Barry Kosloff, George MacIntyre-Cockett, Matthew Hall, Chris Wymant, M. Azim Ansari, Lucie Abeler-Dörner, Ab Schaap, Anthony Brown, Eleanor Barnes, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Susan Eshleman, Ethan Wilson, Lynda Emel, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, Helen Ayles, Rory Bowden, Christophe Fraser, HPTN 071 (PopART) Team
  • Open Access
    An Optimal Diagnostic Strategy for Tuberculosis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Alere Determine TB LAM Ag
    Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes
    An Optimal Diagnostic Strategy for Tuberculosis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Alere Determine TB LAM Ag

    The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients is challenging. Both a urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test (Alere TB LAM) and GeneXpert-MTB/RIF (Xpert) are useful for the diagnosis of TB. However, how to optimally integrate Xpert and LAM tests into clinical practice algorithms remain unclear. We performed a post hoc analysis of 561 HIV-infected sputum-expectorating patients (median CD4 count of 130 cells/ml) from a...

    Aliasgar Esmail, Anil Pooran, Natasha F. Sabur, Mohammed Fadul, Mantaj S. Brar, Suzette Oelofse, Michele Tomasicchio, Keertan Dheda
  • Open Access
    Evaluation of a Novel Semiquantitative Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease
    Mycology
    Evaluation of a Novel Semiquantitative Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease

    Higher cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titers are strongly associated with mortality risk in individuals with HIV-associated cryptococcal disease. Rapid tests to quantify CrAg levels may provide important prognostic information and enable treatment stratification. We performed a laboratory-based validation of the IMMY semiquantitative cryptococcal antigen (CrAgSQ) lateral flow assay (LFA) against the current gold standard CrAg tests. We...

    Joseph N. Jarvis, Mark W. Tenforde, Kwana Lechiile, Thandi Milton, Amber Boose, Tshepo B. Leeme, Leabaneng Tawe, Charles Muthoga, Ivy Rukasha, Fredah Mulenga, Ikanyeng Rulaganyang, Mooketsi Molefi, Síle F. Molloy, Julia Ngidi, Thomas S. Harrison, Nelesh P. Govender, Madisa Mine
  • Evaluation of Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Testing Using Two Novel Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assays in Persons with Cryptococcal Antigenemia
    Mycology
    Evaluation of Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Testing Using Two Novel Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assays in Persons with Cryptococcal Antigenemia

    Early cryptococcal disease can be detected via circulating antigen in blood before fulminant meningitis develops, when early antifungal therapy improves survival. Two semiquantitative cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been developed, but their diagnostic performance has not been defined. Cryopreserved serum samples from HIV-infected Ugandans obtained as part of a prospective CrAg-screening cohort were tested in...

    Caleb Skipper, Kiiza Tadeo, Emily Martyn, Elizabeth Nalintya, Radha Rajasingham, David B. Meya, Bosco Kafufu, Joshua Rhein, David R. Boulware
  • Clinical Significance of Low Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Titers by Lateral Flow Assay in Immunocompromised Patients: a Retrospective Case-Control Study
    Immunoassays
    Clinical Significance of Low Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Titers by Lateral Flow Assay in Immunocompromised Patients: a Retrospective Case-Control Study

    Cryptococcus species are associated with invasive fungal infections in immunosuppressed individuals. The clinical significance of low-titer cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) by lateral flow assay is frequently uncertain. We investigated the correlation of low CrAg titers with disease in an immunocompromised patient population. Patients with first-time positive CrAg results with low serum titers (≤1:10) at two medical centers (Los...

    Erin Dizon, Wonjae Seo, Susan M. Butler-Wu, Rosemary C. She
  • False-Positive Results for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy
    Virology
    False-Positive Results for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy

    Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has been a major advancement in cancer therapeutics. Reprogramming of T cells is achieved by using gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors, which may interfere with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).

    Jocelyn R. Hauser, Hong Hong, N. Esther Babady, Genovefa A. Papanicolaou, Yi-Wei Tang
  • Bringing HIV Self-Testing to Scale in the United States: a Review of Challenges, Potential Solutions, and Future Opportunities
    Minireview
    Bringing HIV Self-Testing to Scale in the United States: a Review of Challenges, Potential Solutions, and Future Opportunities

    HIV self-testing (HIVST) provides an at-home option to counter the barriers that patients face with testing performed in health care settings. HIVST has gradually increased in popularity in a time when social media and technology-based solutions are preferred. In this paper, we consider the aspects of self-testing that merit its integration into HIV testing and prevention systems in the United States.

    Kevin Steehler, Aaron J. Siegler
  • Photo Quiz: A 27-Year-Old Male with an “Itchy Rash” for 3 Months
    Photo Quiz
    Photo Quiz: A 27-Year-Old Male with an “Itchy Rash” for 3 Months
    Nick Nelson, Michael Song, Valerie L. Ng

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