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Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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human immunodeficiency virus

  • Photo Quiz: Hematochezia in a Patient with HIV Infection
    Photo Quiz
    Photo Quiz: Hematochezia in a Patient with HIV Infection
    Laura J. Gilbert, Benjamin J. Rosen, Roseanne A. Ressner
  • Answer to February 2021 Photo Quiz
    Photo Quiz
    Answer to February 2021 Photo Quiz
    Laura J. Gilbert, Benjamin J. Rosen, Roseanne A. Ressner
  • HIV-2 Drug Resistance Genotyping from Dried Blood Spots
    Virology
    HIV-2 Drug Resistance Genotyping from Dried Blood Spots

    The treatment of HIV-2 in resource-limited settings (RLS) is complicated by the limited availability of HIV-2-active antiretroviral drugs and inadequate access to HIV-2 viral load and drug resistance testing. Dried blood spots (DBS)-based drug resistance testing, widely studied for HIV-1, has not been reported for HIV-2 and could present an opportunity to improve care for HIV-2-infected individuals. We selected 150 DBS specimens from...

    Dana N. Raugi, Robert S. Nixon, Sally Leong, Khadim Faye, Jean Phillipe Diatta, Fatima Sall, Robert A. Smith, ElHadji Ibrahima Sall, Jean Jacques Malomar, Moussa Seydi, Geoffrey S. Gottlieb
    and for the University of Washington-Senegal HIV-2 Research Group
  • Open Access
    Replicate Aptima Assay for Quantifying Residual Plasma Viremia in Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy
    Virology
    Replicate Aptima Assay for Quantifying Residual Plasma Viremia in Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy

    Detection of residual plasma viremia in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV-infected individuals is critical for characterizing the latent reservoir and evaluating the impact of cure interventions. Ultracentrifugation-based single-copy assays are sensitive but labor intensive. Fully automated replicate testing using a standard clinical viral load assay was evaluated as a high-throughput alternative for the quantification of low-...

    Sonia Bakkour, Xutao Deng, Peter Bacchetti, Eduard Grebe, Leilani Montalvo, Andrew Worlock, Mars Stone, Steven G. Deeks, Douglas D. Richman, Michael P. Busch
    and for the Reservoir Assay Validation and Evaluation Network (RAVEN)
  • Open Access
    A Comprehensive Genomics Solution for HIV Surveillance and Clinical Monitoring in Low-Income Settings
    Virology
    A Comprehensive Genomics Solution for HIV Surveillance and Clinical Monitoring in Low-Income Settings

    Viral genetic sequencing can be used to monitor the spread of HIV drug resistance, identify appropriate antiretroviral regimes, and characterize transmission dynamics. Despite decreasing costs, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is still prohibitively costly for routine use in generalized HIV epidemics in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we present veSEQ-HIV, a high-throughput, cost-effective NGS sequencing method and computational...

    David Bonsall, Tanya Golubchik, Mariateresa de Cesare, Mohammed Limbada, Barry Kosloff, George MacIntyre-Cockett, Matthew Hall, Chris Wymant, M. Azim Ansari, Lucie Abeler-Dörner, Ab Schaap, Anthony Brown, Eleanor Barnes, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Susan Eshleman, Ethan Wilson, Lynda Emel, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, Helen Ayles, Rory Bowden, Christophe Fraser, HPTN 071 (PopART) Team
  • Open Access
    An Optimal Diagnostic Strategy for Tuberculosis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Alere Determine TB LAM Ag
    Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes
    An Optimal Diagnostic Strategy for Tuberculosis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Alere Determine TB LAM Ag

    The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients is challenging. Both a urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test (Alere TB LAM) and GeneXpert-MTB/RIF (Xpert) are useful for the diagnosis of TB. However, how to optimally integrate Xpert and LAM tests into clinical practice algorithms remain unclear. We performed a post hoc analysis of 561 HIV-infected sputum-expectorating patients (median CD4 count of 130 cells/ml) from a...

    Aliasgar Esmail, Anil Pooran, Natasha F. Sabur, Mohammed Fadul, Mantaj S. Brar, Suzette Oelofse, Michele Tomasicchio, Keertan Dheda
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation Assay for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Virology
    Diagnostic Accuracy of Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation Assay for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

    HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is a barrier to sustained virologic suppression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Point mutation assays targeting priority drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are being evaluated to improve access to HIVDR testing. In a cross-sectional study (June 2018 to September 2019), we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a simple and rapid HIVDR assay (the pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation [PANDAA]...

    Vinie Kouamou, Justen Manasa, David Katzenstein, Alan M. McGregor, Chiratidzo E. Ndhlovu, Tariro Makadzange
  • Evaluation of Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Testing Using Two Novel Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assays in Persons with Cryptococcal Antigenemia
    Mycology
    Evaluation of Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Testing Using Two Novel Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assays in Persons with Cryptococcal Antigenemia

    Early cryptococcal disease can be detected via circulating antigen in blood before fulminant meningitis develops, when early antifungal therapy improves survival. Two semiquantitative cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been developed, but their diagnostic performance has not been defined. Cryopreserved serum samples from HIV-infected Ugandans obtained as part of a prospective CrAg-screening cohort were tested in...

    Caleb Skipper, Kiiza Tadeo, Emily Martyn, Elizabeth Nalintya, Radha Rajasingham, David B. Meya, Bosco Kafufu, Joshua Rhein, David R. Boulware
  • Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Use of a Fourth-Generation Antigen/Antibody Assay and Dried Blood Spots: In-Depth Analysis of Sensitivity and Performance Assessment in a Cross-Sectional Study
    Immunoassays
    Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Use of a Fourth-Generation Antigen/Antibody Assay and Dried Blood Spots: In-Depth Analysis of Sensitivity and Performance Assessment in a Cross-Sectional Study

    We evaluated the performance of a fourth-generation antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) assay for detecting HIV-1 infection on dried blood spots (DBS) both in a conventional laboratory environment and in an epidemiological survey corresponding to a real-life situation. Although a 2-log loss of sensitivity compared to that with plasma was observed when using DBS in an analytical analysis, the median delay of positivity between DBS and crude serum...

    Karl Stefic, Jerome Guinard, Gilles Peytavin, Leïla Saboni, Cécile Sommen, Claire Sauvage, Florence Lot, Syria Laperche, Annie Velter, Francis Barin
    and on behalf of the Prevagay working group
  • Free
    Decreased Seroreactivity in Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute HIV Infection
    Immunoassays
    Decreased Seroreactivity in Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute HIV Infection

    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) interrupts viral dynamics and may delay the emergence of serological markers targeted by current HIV screening and confirmatory assays, thus creating challenges for correctly classifying HIV infection status.

    Mark M. Manak, Linda L. Jagodzinski, Ashley Shutt, Jennifer A. Malia, Mike Leos, Jason Ouellette, Siriwat Akapirat, Donn L. Colby, Nittaya Phanuphak, Leigh Anne Eller, Merlin L. Robb, Mark de Souza, Jintanat Ananworanich, Sheila A. Peel
    and on behalf of the RV254/SEARCH010 and the RV217 Study Teams

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