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saliva

  • Open Access
    Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing
    Virology
    Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing

    We evaluated saliva (SAL) specimens for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) testing by comparison of 459 prospectively paired nasopharyngeal (NP) or midturbinate (MT) swabs from 449 individuals with the aim of using saliva for asymptomatic screening. Samples were collected in a drive-through car line for symptomatic individuals (n = 380) and in the emergency department (ED) (n = 69).

    Bidisha Barat, Sanchita Das, Valeria De Giorgi, David K. Henderson, Stacy Kopka, Anna F. Lau, Tracey Miller, Theresa Moriarty, Tara N. Palmore, Shari Sawney, Chris Spalding, Patricia Tanjutco, Glenn Wortmann, Adrian M. Zelazny, Karen M. Frank
  • Free
    Saliva Is a Promising Alternative Specimen for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Adults
    Virology
    Saliva Is a Promising Alternative Specimen for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Adults

    Testing efforts for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been burdened by the scarcity of testing materials and personal protective equipment for health care workers. The simple and painless process of saliva collection allows for widespread testing, but enthusiasm is hampered by variable performance compared to that of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples.

    Rebecca Yee, Thao T. Truong, Pia S. Pannaraj, Natalie Eubanks, Emily Gai, Jaycee Jumarang, Lauren Turner, Ariana Peralta, Yesun Lee, Jennifer Dien Bard
  • Free
    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluid Obtained Using a Rapid Collection Device
    Immunoassays
    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluid Obtained Using a Rapid Collection Device

    Current commercially available methods for reliably detecting antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain expensive and inaccessible due to the need for whole-blood collection by highly trained phlebotomists using personal protective equipment (PPE). We have evaluated an antibody detection approach using the OraSure Technologies oral antibody collection device (OACD) and their proprietary SARS-...

    Melanie A. MacMullan, Prithivi Chellamuthu, Aubree Mades, Sudipta Das, Fred Turner, Vladimir I. Slepnev, Albina Ibrayeva
  • Free
    COVID-19 Serology at Population Scale: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in Saliva
    Immunoassays
    COVID-19 Serology at Population Scale: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in Saliva

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic that has infected over 36 million and killed over 1 million people. Informed implementation of government public health policies depends on accurate data on SARS-CoV-2 immunity at a population scale. We hypothesized that detection of SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies could serve as a noninvasive alternative to serological testing for monitoring...

    Nora Pisanic, Pranay R. Randad, Kate Kruczynski, Yukari C. Manabe, David L. Thomas, Andrew Pekosz, Sabra L. Klein, Michael J. Betenbaugh, William A. Clarke, Oliver Laeyendecker, Patrizio P. Caturegli, H. Benjamin Larman, Barbara Detrick, Jessica K. Fairley, Amy C. Sherman, Nadine Rouphael, Srilatha Edupuganti, Douglas A. Granger, Steve W. Granger, Matthew H. Collins, Christopher D. Heaney
  • Free
    Self-Collected Anterior Nasal and Saliva Specimens versus Health Care Worker-Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for the Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2
    Virology
    Self-Collected Anterior Nasal and Saliva Specimens versus Health Care Worker-Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for the Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2

    We prospectively compared health care worker-collected nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) to self-collected anterior nasal swabs (ANS) and straight saliva for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 354 patients. The percent positive agreement between NPS and ANS or saliva was 86.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.7 to 92.9%) and 93.8% (95% CI, 86.0 to 97.9%), respectively. The percent negative agreement was 99.6% (95% CI, 98....

    K. E. Hanson, A. P. Barker, D. R. Hillyard, N. Gilmore, J. W. Barrett, R. R. Orlandi, S. M. Shakir
  • Free
    A Direct Comparison of Enhanced Saliva to Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients
    Virology
    A Direct Comparison of Enhanced Saliva to Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic Patients

    The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in shortages of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and viral transport media, necessitating the search for alternate diagnostic specimens, such as saliva. We directly compared matched saliva and NPS specimens from symptomatic patients suspected of having COVID-19. An enhanced saliva specimen (i.e., strong sniff, elicited cough, and collection of saliva/secretions) was...

    Gary W. Procop, Nabin K. Shrestha, Sherilynn Vogel, Kelly Van Sickle, Susan Harrington, Daniel D. Rhoads, Brian P. Rubin, Paul Terpeluk
  • Open Access
    Clinical Evaluation of Self-Collected Saliva by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), Direct RT-qPCR, Reverse Transcription–Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and a Rapid Antigen Test To Diagnose COVID-19
    Virology
    Clinical Evaluation of Self-Collected Saliva by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), Direct RT-qPCR, Reverse Transcription–Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and a Rapid Antigen Test To Diagnose COVID-19

    The clinical performances of six molecular diagnostic tests and a rapid antigen test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were clinically evaluated for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in self-collected saliva. Saliva samples from 103 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (15 asymptomatic and 88 symptomatic) were collected on the day of hospital admission. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva...

    Mayu Nagura-Ikeda, Kazuo Imai, Sakiko Tabata, Kazuyasu Miyoshi, Nami Murahara, Tsukasa Mizuno, Midori Horiuchi, Kento Kato, Yoshitaka Imoto, Maki Iwata, Satoshi Mimura, Toshimitsu Ito, Kaku Tamura, Yasuyuki Kato
  • Performance of the Alethia CMV Assay for Detection of Cytomegalovirus by Use of Neonatal Saliva Swabs
    Virology
    Performance of the Alethia CMV Assay for Detection of Cytomegalovirus by Use of Neonatal Saliva Swabs

    Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a major cause of childhood hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay. Identification of newborns with cCMV infection allows provision of beneficial interventions. However, most infants with cCMV infection have subclinical infection and go undiagnosed. Thus, expanded neonatal CMV testing is increasingly recommended. Saliva is an attractive sample type for CMV testing of newborns, because it...

    Soren Gantt, David M. Goldfarb, Albert Park, William Rawlinson, Suresh B. Boppana, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Lawrence M. Mertz
  • Clinical Veterinary Microbiology
    Modified Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification Overcomes Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assay Inhibitors in Deer Saliva To Detect Chronic Wasting Disease Prions
    Kristen A. Davenport, Clare E. Hoover, Nathaniel D. Denkers, Candace K. Mathiason, Edward A. Hoover
  • Letter to the Editor
    Membrane Filtration Is Suitable for Reliable Elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Saliva for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
    Simone H. J. van den Elsen, Tridia van der Laan, Onno W. Akkerman, Adri G. M. van der Zanden, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Dick van Soolingen

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